Record a login sequence

Recording a login sequence (*.lsr file) for a target may be necessary for scanning web applications with elaborate login mechanisms, such as form-based password-protected areas. A login sequence has three main parts:

• Record login actions
• Record restrictions
• Detect a user session

This document explains how to create a login sequence for a target using the built-in Invicti Platform Login Sequence Recorder (LSR). If you encounter any LSR issues, refer to the Session detection and LSR advanced troubleshooting documents for instructions on how to resolve them.

Step 1: Record a login sequence

1. Select Inventory > Targets from the left-side navigation menu.
2. Click on the relevant target in your list of targets to access the Configure target page.
3. Select Authentication from the left-side menu.
4. In the Authentication method, select Login sequence recorder.

5. Here, you can either use a pre-recorded sequence or record a new sequence.
6. To upload a pre-recorded sequence, click Upload sequence, select an .lsr file from your computer and confirm. Click Save target configuration to confirm.
7. To record a new sequence, click the New sequence button.
8. The LSR window opens and automatically navigates to the target URL.
9. Within the LSR window, navigate to the login page and perform a successful login. Remember to use correct and valid credentials.
   • With each action recorded, the panel on the right is populated with login actions. Since the LSR records actions and not HTTP requests, it also works with web applications that use anti-CSRF tokens.

10. Once logged in, you can replay the actions to ensure that the login sequence is valid and logging in successfully. To do this, click Play at the bottom left of the LSR window.
11. Clicking on a specific action in the right-hand panel reveals its Action Properties, where you can modify the target, timeout, or value.

Continue with step 2: Record restrictions.

Step 2: Record restrictions

Restrictions instruct the crawler and scanner not to follow specific links during a scan. Typically, you may want to restrict logout links or other links that might destroy a valid session to ensure that the scanner doesn't get logged out during the scan. The LSR also supports restrictions on HTTP methods commonly used in RESTful web services such as PATCH, PUT, and DELETE in addition to the standard GET and POST requests. If the link you are restricting contains a nonce or a one-time token, you may use wildcards (*) to restrict links with changing values.

1. Click Next to begin recording restrictions.
2. Click any buttons or links on your web page that you don't want Invicti to click when it's crawling and scanning the website.
3. Upon clicking a button or link, a dialog pops up asking if you want Invicti to:
   • Restrict request using exact match (or by using wildcards)
   • Forward requests that match this request (Don't restrict this request)
   • Forward all requests, meaning that there are no restrictions (Stop intercepting requests)

Make your selection. In this example, we don't need to modify the restriction, so we can select the first option—restrict request using exact match.

4. The restriction is recorded and shown in the panel on the right. You can add as many restrictions as you need.
5. Click Next to proceed to the valid session detection phase.

6. When you have finished recording restrictions, continue with step 3: Detect the user session.

Step 3: Detect the user session

In the final step, the LSR tries to identify a valid session automatically. The session pattern is required, so that the scanner knows the difference between an invalid (logged out) and a valid (logged in) session. If the scanner can determine that the session has been invalidated, it can replay the login sequence and validate the session again.

Detecting the user session is achieved by comparing the logged-in and logged-out states of the web application. There may be cases where no difference can be identified automatically. In such cases, you need to either configure it by navigating to pages and letting the LSR identify the pattern, or it can also be done manually. In addition to authentication mechanisms that rely on cookies, the LSR also supports authentication mechanisms that rely on HTML5 LocalStorage.

To identify a valid authentication session while navigating:

• Browse to authenticated areas of the website that return a different response depending on whether the user is logged in or logged out.
• For example, a response from the website contains the text 'Logout' if the user is logged in. If it's not found in the response, the user isn't logged in.

Continue with step 4: Complete the sequence.

Step 4: Complete the sequence

1. Once you have configured restrictions as well as a user session pattern, click Finish.
2. You are returned to the Configure target page, and the login sequence you just created is automatically attached to the target.

Steps to manually configure a user session pattern

If Invicti is unable to identify a user session pattern, you have to configure one manually. The important point is that the responses sent by the web server differ between those of a logged-in user and those of a user who is NOT logged in. Identify a reliable difference the scanner can use to verify that it's logged into the site.

Once you have identified and configured the session pattern, you can verify it by clicking Check Pattern at the top of the right-hand side panel.

There are 3 options for session pattern validation:

Option 1: Validate by visual/text pattern on a web page

1. Identify a visual difference on one of the web pages. Some web pages show, for example, a "Your Basket" link, only to logged-in users, or perhaps the name of the logged-in user is displayed. In such cases, you can instruct the LSR which page to go to by typing in the Session Validation Request text area:

   GET https://juice-shop.herokuapp.com/profile HTTP/1.1

2. Then set the drop-down labeled "Session VALID if:" to pattern is found in response, and enter the logged-in specific text or user name to the Pattern field.

Option 2: Validate by HTTP response header

1. Identify a difference in the HTTP Response Headers in the logged-in web pages compared to the not-logged-in version. You can check this with Google Chrome, for example, by using the "Inspect" feature. The Network tab shows a "Response Headers" section that could include a header such as "X-Logged-In: true", but would be absent or have a different value such as "X-Logged-In: false".

2. Set the drop-down labeled "Session VALID if:" to pattern is found in headers, and enter the identified header value into the Pattern field.

Option 3: Validate by HTTP status code

• Identify a web page that receives a numeric response when logged in (typically 200), and some other response when not logged in, such as a 404 (not found) or a 500 (server error). Set the drop-down labeled "Session VALID if:" to status code is, and enter the valid value into the Status field.

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